标签：
日本 木版制墙纸
karacho’s karakami
woodblock-printed paper
http://www.karacho.co.jp
established in kyoto in 1624, karacho is japan's only
‘karakami’ maker (woodblock-printed paper).
still in operation today, the karacho workshop has been
directed by members of the senda family for 12 generations,
preserving a japanese tradition. the sendas are the
custodians of 650 hand-carved wooden blocks, made over
the centuries and they still use them to produce the
karakami paper for which karacho is world famous.
some blocks are more than 200 years old - the oldest
(with a checkered pattern of chrysanthemums), dates back
to 1792. when the residential quarter of the karacho studio
burned down in the 1864 hamaguri gomon incident,
the woodblocks were placed in a wash-tub of water in
a storehouse with earthen walls. to protect the blocks
from fire, craftsmen kept pouring water on them. such a
close encounter with destruction has ensured that the
surviving woodblocks are treated as a treasure.
the senda family still produces karakami for temples
and other traditional places in japan. additionally they
produce on demand for architects (kengo kuma is among
them). while western-style housing increasingly is favored
by many japanese, there is also a growing number
of people who want to decorate parts of their homes with
traditional karakami patterns.
massimo mini (designboom) visiting karacho. - meeting up with koh kado in front of the
entrance of the karacho shop in shugakuin, kyoto, japan.
woodblocks
detail of wave pattern on woodblock
detail of clouds pattern on woodblock
kenkichi senda, the master craftsman and eleventh-generation head of karacho studio,
is showing a sheet of paper with big wave patterns called ‘korin onami’.
the blocks are sorted according to the number required to print one ‘fusama’
the original woodblocks were carved by craftsmen almost 400 years ago.
most of the blocks are made of easy-to-carve ‘honoki’ wood, which has a fine, soft grain
and rarely warps or cracks.
karakami expert wakoku shoshoku etsukushi (1685)
karakami patterns
the technique has remained virtually unchanged for more
than 400 years: karakami is produced by pressing pigment
onto paper using patterned wooden blocks. the patterns
show the strong artistic influence of the ‘rimpa’ school of
painting, as the studio was used by artist honami koetsu
(1558-1637), one of the founders of the school.
the meditative designs combine subtle colors with a
pattern of freedom and life force. nature provides the spirit
of invention and discovery that inspires the ornaments of
all the patterns. with the rise of popular culture in the
edo period (1603-1868), the karacho woodblock prints
became a major artform and its technique was fine tuned
to produce hand-made prints used to decorate sliding doors,
walls and single-leaf screens. karakami woodblock prints
also had an important influence on 18th-century european
wallpapers textile patterns and patterns on book covers.
further on we will examine the production of karakami .
what you don’t see in this illustrated article: gu-hiki
or the pocess of preparing the pigments:
the use of colors is limited as most of the karakami patterns
do not print well with too many color overlays. the limit is
usually three colors, including the original color of the paper.
the basic colors are vermillion, blue, yellow, black and gofun
white, - made from ground mother-of-perl. the pigments are
mixed with mica dust and an adhesive to create a paint.
natural pigments are used as much as possible. they are the
most compatible with washi handmade paper. natural colors
help to create subtle nuances of shadow and light, when the
karakami paper is exposed to candle light and sunlight.
the mica dust and gofun have also more pratical applications
as they help to make the paper fire-resistant and are able
to cut down the humidity in a room by absorbing excess
moisture in the air.
from this point - the karakami making is illustrated in pictures.
enjoy!
the process of karakami involves: carved woodblocks, washi handmade japanese paper,
paints, sieves, brush...
every artisan has their own brush
for long ‘fusama’ sheets karacho staff member koh kado is measuring the size of the pattern
his collegue helps him for the precise placement of the woodblock
the paint is brushed onto a fine mesh sieve covered with gauze ...
... and applied on the woodblock pattern.
the sieve should be kept perfectly parallel to the pattern, in order not to apply too much
color in certain parts and not enough in others.
the first upper part is printed.
during our visit to the karacho wokshop, we were able to explore our manual skills.
we tried our ability on a small sheet of paper. as first step birgit (designboom) gently
presses the paint-coated sieve onto the carved woodblock.
the right corner of a sheet is carefully aligned with the right corner of the block.
just a little paint on the block pattern is what’s needed
the paper is then pressed down with a gentle sweep of the hands (for a few seconds only)
and then carefully peeled away.
cleaning of the woodblock
with a sponge
with a toothbrush
printed sheets of paper are hung to dry
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fusama doors
once, the space under the roof of a japanese house was
partitioned with screens into several spaces. these movable
screens were eventually fixed into the wood frame and
became sliding ‘fusama’ doors. fusuma doors are used as
movable walls, so when people host large gatherings in the
house the panels can be removed to make one large space.
originally several sheets of paper, in sets of 5, 10, or 12,
were required to cover a fusama door, at the end of taisho
period (1912 - 1926), techniques were successfully
developed to make large single sheets that were
‘fusama’ size. the nobility were first to use karakami paper
on fusama doors their preference was for patterns based on
their family crests and which reflected their court ranking
and status. the majority of the patterns are combinations of
flowers and plants such as chrysanthemum, bamboo, maple,
and pine with geometric designs of diamonds, squares,
tortoise-shell motifs, circles, crisscrossing lines and wave
patterns. other popular motives include cranes and clouds.
the senda family also repair sliding doors at historical sites
such as ‘katsura rikyu’ .
katsura rikyu
the katsura imperial villa (katsura rikyu) in its present
form was completed in 1645. the country villa and its
surrounding gardens of the imperial princely family,
hachioji no miya, is located near the katsura river in
the outskirts of kyoto, japan. the building is carefully
preserved as a national monument because it represents
the purest form of japanese native architecture.
architects throughout the world have long admired
the main building, which has a zigzagging floor plan,
for its clean lines, its display of natural materials,
and its integration of interior and exterior space.
the thatched straight, not curved roofs, the shoji
(the square-patterned sliding screens with
karacho karakami woodblock-handprinted paper
windows) and straw matted rooms are the
principal features. this building did indeed influence
the entire tradition of japanese domestic and hotel
architecture. the building owes much of its charm to
the fact that the site is uneven, the delicate restraint
and rusticity of traditional landscaping with stone
pathways. galleries overlook the garden.
the inmates would sit on the veranda and
contemplate, converse, ...
temples and shrines favored large patterns in
keeping with the larger spaces they had to decorate
compared to the average home.
the patterns include cloud motifs, flowers and bamboo.
karacho has roughly one hundred woodblocks of motifs
associated with specific temples and shrines and which
are still used on occasion.
katsura rikyu country villa
a view inside
early karacho karakami woodblock printing is beautifully represented here.
detail
earth-color-based karacho karakami on shouji, partitions that can divide the interior of
a building into separate rooms.
karacho karakami woodblock-handprinted paper.
karacho karakami woodblock-handprinted paper.
karacho karakami woodblock-handprinted paper.
views of the garden.
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tea ceremony
karakami paper was used for the interior of tearooms.
many leading ceremony schools designed their own
patterns. their taste lead more towards patterns of plants
than abstract motifs. karacho’s stock of woodblocks include
a large number with tea-related patterns. among the most
famous are patterns favored by the ‘ura’ and ‘omoke senke’
schools of tea ceremony.
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